Networking Basics Articles

Data Link layer provides reliable delivery of data across the network medium & translates messages from the network layer in bits for the physical layer. Its specifications define different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, error notification, network topology and sequencing of frames. Data link protocols provide ...

Baseband - In this technology only one carrior frequency is used ( like ethernet). Broadband -In this technology several independent channels are multiplexed into one cable ( like in T1 line)

UDP Broadcast A Broadcast is a Data packet that is destined for multiple hosts. Broadcasts can occur at the Data link Layer and the Network Layer. Data-link broadcasts are sent to all hosts attached to aparticular physical network. Network layer broadcasts are sent to all hosts attached ...

What is Spyware ? A spyware is a malware that monitors the activities on the computer which are illegally installed in computer without the user's knowledge. The information is sent back to its creator. Examples , Collection or passwords and credit card numbers. Some spyware programs are designed to monitor the user's ...

BGP Configuration     To begin configuring a BGP process, issue the following familiar command: Router(config)#router BGP AS-number In BGP, the network command tells the BGP process what locally learned networks to advertise Router (config-router) #network network-number [mask ...

How Switches Learn Addresses - A switch uses its bridge forwarding table (called a MAC table in Catalyst) address table when forwarding frames to devices. With an enpty bridge forwarding table, the switch must flood frames to all ports other than the one it arrivied on. This is ...

Tunneling is the most significant component of VPN technology.  Tunneling is the technique of encapsulating an entire data packet in the packet of another protocol format. When a tunneled packet is routed to the destination node, it travels across the internet work through a logical path. This logical path is referred ...

What is VPN or Virtual Private Network ? An encrypted connection between two or multiple private networks over public network is called VPN or Virtual Private Network.  It use to connect two private network over public network. In equation format it can be defined as VPN= Tunneling + Encryption In other words we ...

One of the benefits of the Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. The Internet is home to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. These are administered by software programs. Probably the most ...

World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web or WWW) is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. ...